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Aliança expressa preocupação em relação às possíveis parcerias entre MDS e a ABIA – Aliança Pela Alimentação Adequada e Saudável

27/03/2023 – Blog Notícias

A Aliança expressou em nota sua preocupação em relação às possíveis parcerias divulgadas entre o Ministério do Desenvolvimento, Assistência Social, Família e Combate à Fome (MDS) e a Associação Brasileira da Indústria de Alimentos (ABIA) para o enfrentamento da fome no Brasil.

A carta destaca a necessidade de estabelecer mecanismos institucionais de prevenção e mitigação de conflitos de interesses para que qualquer medida seja pautada no direito constitucional à alimentação, sem colocar os interesses econômicos acima da saúde pública e do bem-estar social.

Leia nota completa abaixo:

 

A Aliança pela Alimentação Adequada e Saudável incentiva que a Administração Pública estabeleça mecanismos institucionais de prevenção e mitigação de conflitos de interesses

A Aliança pela Alimentação Adequada e Saudável (aqui chamada de Aliança), coalizão que reúne organizações da sociedade civil, associações, coletivos, movimentos sociais, entidades profissionais e pessoas físicas que defendem a alimentação como bem comum, para a realização do Direito Humano à Alimentação Adequada (DHAA), manifesta preocupação com as possíveis parcerias divulgadas entre o Ministério do Desenvolvimento, Assistência Social, Família e Combate à Fome (MDS) e a Associação Brasileira da Indústria de Alimentos (ABIA) para o enfrentamento da fome no Brasil.

No dia 10 de março de 2023, o website do MDS anunciou a realização de uma reunião entre o ministro Wellington Dias e os representantes da ABIA, sendo um dos encaminhamentos a realização de possíveis iniciativas com as indústrias de alimentos para contribuir para a saída do Brasil do mapa da fome. 

O enfrentamento da fome é urgente e precisa ser feito tanto com medidas emergenciais quanto estruturais. Assim, a Aliança alerta para a necessidade de que essas medidas sejam pautadas no direito constitucional à alimentação, sem colocar os interesses econômicos acima da saúde pública e do bem-estar social.

Para além da urgência da fome, o Brasil convive com doenças relacionadas à má alimentação, que estão diretamente associadas ao sobrepeso e obesidade, além das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT)¹. Dados recentes revelam que, entre 1990 e 2019, a má nutrição foi um dos principais fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de doenças e perdas de anos de vida saudável da população².

As empresas associadas à ABIA produzem grande parcela dos produtos alimentícios ultraprocessados. Estudos recentes, de diferentes países do mundo e publicados em revistas científicas conceituadas, mostram que o consumo de ultraprocessados está associado ao aumento do risco de excesso de peso, obesidade, síndrome metabólica, dislipidemia, hipertensão, diabetes, doenças cardiovasculares, câncer, depressão, dentre outras doenças, além do maior risco de mortalidade por todas as causas3,4. No Brasil, quase 30% do aumento da obesidade de 2002 a 2009 se deveu ao consumo de ultraprocessados5.

Dada a importante relação dos ultraprocessados com a piora do estado de saúde da população brasileira e com a mortalidade precoce, a relação dos modos de produção de matérias-primas para estes produtos como soja, trigo e milho e a devastação ambiental, a contaminação química ambiental e humana causada pelo uso intensivo de agrotóxicos e a contaminação genética dos cultivos transgênicos, e considerando que as grandes corporações de alimentos e bebidas são as principais responsáveis pela produção e comercialização de produtos alimentícios ultraprocessados, urgem medidas efetivas para proteger as políticas de governo contra as ações políticas corporativas realizadas por essas empresas. Isso porque tais empresas defendem os interesses comerciais em detrimento do desenvolvimento, da implementação e da manutenção de programas e políticas de alimentação e nutrição que tenham como objetivo o aumento e a garantia da produção e do acesso a alimentos adequados e saudáveis e a redução do acesso e da publicidade de produtos alimentícios ultraprocessados.

No documento “Dossiê Big Food: Como a indústria interfere em políticas de alimentação”, elaborado por pesquisadoras da ACT Promoção da Saúde e do Instituto Brasileiro de Defesa do Consumidor (Idec), que são membros da Aliança, são apresentados casos emblemáticos em que diferentes estratégias influenciaram a tomada de decisão em políticas públicas na área de alimentação e nutrição no Brasil, como no caso da regulação da publicidade de alimentos para crianças, da garantia da alimentação saudável no ambiente escolar, da tributação das bebidas adoçadas e da rotulagem nutricional frontal de alimentos embalados. Entre as táticas utilizadas pelas corporações estão ações que vão desde a influência política até o uso de ações judiciais, e também estratégias como a veiculação de narrativas para defender interesses econômicos e enfraquecer as evidências científicas que possam interferir nos seus lucros6.

Nos últimos anos, a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) tem incentivado que os países membros desenvolvam e implementem ferramentas de avaliação de riscos e de declaração e gestão de conflitos de interesses como forma de proteção contra conflitos de interesse na formulação de políticas e implementação de programas de alimentação e nutrição. Para auxiliar os países, a OPAS apresentou a ferramenta “Prevenção e gestão de conflitos de interesse em programas de nutrição no âmbito nacional”, que tem o objetivo de apoiar os gestores de políticas públicas de alimentação e nutrição a identificar, prevenir e gerenciar potenciais conflitos de interesse em qualquer interação com atores não estatais. A implementação dessa ferramenta permite uma maior proteção do processo de planejamento e implementação das políticas públicas, de modo que prevaleça seu interesse primário de garantia do DHAA.

No Brasil, a administração pública federal reconhece a existência de conflitos de interesses como a situação gerada pelo confronto entre interesses públicos e privados, que possa comprometer o interesse coletivo ou influenciar, de maneira imprópria, o desempenho da função pública7.

Nesse sentido, a sociedade civil organizada segue atenta, acompanhando os processos de desenvolvimento de políticas públicas no Brasil. A gestão pública tem responsabilidade legal, moral e ética sobre políticas, programas e estratégias de compra e oferta de alimentos e/ou preparações nos ambientes institucionais nas esferas municipais, estaduais e federal, no sentido de garantir o DHAA a toda a população brasileira.

É nesse contexto que a Aliança incentiva que a Administração Pública estabeleça mecanismos institucionais de prevenção e mitigação de conflitos de interesses objetivos e passíveis de monitoramento, especialmente nas situações que envolvem a indústria de alimentos e bebidas ultraprocessados. Assim, sugerimos:

 

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